GROSS NATIONAL HAPPINESS
Gross National Happiness is a development philosophy that stands on the premise that material and non-material values in life should co-exist so that the basic human need of happiness is realized.
This philosophy is in fact on the verge of extinction globally due to many threats like growing consumerism, climate change, emphasis on material benefits and nations’ focus on fulfilling the increasing human desire for wealth and stuff.
GNH helps address these problems on an individual, community, national and global level by keeping the focus on values and principles that focus on wanting and consuming less while aligning human values to non-attachment. It helps both the material and non-material aspects of
life to balance out.
The concept of Gross National Happiness (GNH) was promulgated by His Majesty Jigme Singye Wangchuck, the Fourth King of Bhutan in the early 1970s. His Majesty questioned the prevailing measurement system that Gross Domestic Product (GDP) alone could deliver happiness and well-being to society. He was only a teenager when he said this. His Majesty believed that happiness is an indicator and a sign of progress for the Bhutanese.
The four pillars of GNH are good governance, sustainable socio-economic development, preservation and promotion of culture and environmental conservation. The four pillars are further elaborated into nine domains, which articulate the different elements of GNH and form the basis of GNH measurement, indices and screening tools. The nine domains are namely living standards, education, health, environment, community vitality, time-use, psychological well- being, good governance and cultural resilience and promotion. In accordance with these nine domains, Bhutan has developed 38 sub-indexes, 72 indicators and 151 variables that are used to define and analyze the happiness of the Bhutanese.
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